Which colonists destroyed the inca civilization

Artists included local plants and animals instead of traditional European foliage, and scenes were located in the Andean countryside and cities. Example of encarnado sculpture : The technique of encarnado, or the simulation of the color of human flesh, was used on sculptures to make them appear more realistic. The Chilote School of religious imagery is another artistic manifestation developed during the colonial period by Jesuit missionaries with the purpose of evangelizing.

The works of this style or movement reflect the aesthetics of blending typical of other schools in the Americas from this era. Examples of this style include the combination of European, Latin American, and Indigenous features, as well as local flora, fauna, and landscape. Privacy Policy. Skip to main content. The Americas After CE. Search for:. The Incas. Architecture of the Inca The Inca capital city of Cusco is one of the finest examples of both traditional Inca and colonial architecture.

Learning Objectives Describe the important architectural sights of the Incan Empire. Key Takeaways Key Points The Kingdom of Cuzco was a small city-state of the Inca empire that served as the preeminent center of politics and religion. In , the Spanish explorer Pizarro sacked much of the Inca city and built a new city over pre-colonial foundations.

Because of its antiquity and importance, the center of the city retains many buildings, plazas, and streets from both pre-colonial and colonial times. Machu Picchu is a 15th century Inca citadel situated on a mountain ridge near the city of Cusco; it is believed to have been built as an estate for the Inca emperor Pachacuti — Key Terms plateresque : Pertaining to an ornate style of architecture of 16th century Spain suggestive of silver plate.

Key Takeaways Key Points Inca textiles were widely manufactured for practical use, trade, tax collection, and decorative fashion. Textiles were widely prized within the empire—in part because they were somewhat easily transported—and were widely manufactured for tax collection and trade purposes. The weaving tradition was very important to Incas in the creation of elaborate woven headdresses. Inca women adorned themselves with a metal fastening for their cloak called a tupu.

Key Terms cochineal : A vivid red dye made from the bodies of cochineal insects. Metalwork of the Inca The Inca were well-known for their use of gold, silver, copper, bronze, and other metals for tools, weapons, and decorative ornaments. Learning Objectives Discuss the Incan use of copper, bronze, silver, gold, and other metals.

Copper and bronze were used for basic farming tools or weapons, while gold and silver were reserved for ornaments and decorations in temples and palaces of Inca royalty. Even though the Inca Empire contained many precious metals, the Incas did not value their metal as much as fine cloth. Inca : A member of the group of Quechuan peoples of highland Peru who established an empire from northern Ecuador to central Chile before the Spanish conquest.

Key Takeaways Key Points Following the Spanish Conquest, the Inca population suffered a dramatic and quick decline, largely due to illness and disease. Many of those remaining were enslaved. Many aspects of Inca culture were systematically destroyed as cities and towns were pillaged, resulting in the loss of vast amounts of traditional artwork, craft, and architecture.

The introduction of Christianity greatly impacted the art of the region, which began to reflect Christian themes alongside and in place of traditional Inca designs. Pizarro, the Spanish explorer and conquistador who was responsible for destroying much of the city of Cusco in , built a new European- style city over pre-colonial foundations.

The Spanish also brought with them new techniques such as oil painting on canvas, which fused with the artistic traditions of the region. This cultural melding could be seen in the works of the Cusco, Quito, and Chilote Schools. Key Terms irrevocably : Beyond recall; in a manner precluding repeal. As an effect of this conquest, many aspects of Inca culture were systematically destroyed or irrevocably changed. In addition to disease and population decline, a large portion of the Inca population, including artisans and crafts people, was enslaved and forced to work in the gold and silver mines.

New buildings and cities were built by the Spanish on top of Inca foundations. Pizarro immediately ordered an attack. Buckling under an assault by the terrifying Spanish artillery, guns, and cavalry all of which were alien to the Incas , thousands of Incas were slaughtered, and the emperor was captured.

Atahuallpa offered to fill a room with treasure as ransom for his release, and Pizarro accepted. Eventually, some 24 tons of gold and silver were brought to the Spanish from throughout the Inca empire. Although Atahuallpa had provided the richest ransom in the history of the world, Pizarro treacherously put him on trial for plotting to overthrow the Spanish, for having his half-brother Huascar murdered, and for several other lesser charges.

A Spanish tribunal convicted Atahuallpa and sentenced him to die. On August 29, , the emperor was tied to a stake and offered the choice of being burned alive or strangled by garrote if he converted to Christianity.

In the hope of preserving his body for mummification, Atahuallpa chose the latter, and an iron collar was tightened around his neck until he died. With Spanish reinforcements that had arrived at Cajamarca earlier that year, Pizarro then marched on Cuzco, and the Inca capital fell without a struggle in November Pizarro established himself as Spanish governor of Inca territory and offered Diego Almagro the conquest of Chile as appeasement for claiming the riches of the Inca civilization for himself.

In , Pizarro established the city of Lima on the coast to facilitate communication with Panama. The next year, Manco Capac escaped from Spanish supervision and led an unsuccessful uprising that was quickly crushed. That marked the end of Inca resistance to Spanish rule.

Diego Almagro returned from Chile embittered by the poverty of that country and demanded his share of the spoils of the former Inca empire. Civil war soon broke out over the dispute, and Almagro seized Cuzco in Pizarro sent his half brother, Hernando, to reclaim the city, and Almagro was defeated and put to death.

Diego el Monzo proclaimed himself governor of Peru, but an agent of the Spanish crown refused to recognize him, and in Diego was captured and executed.

Conflict and intrigue among the conquistadors of Peru persisted until Spanish Viceroy Andres Hurtado de Mendoza established order in the late s.

A rumor began to grow of a mountain kingdom, richer than even the Inca had been, somewhere in northern South America. Thousands of men set out in dozens of expeditions to find the legendary kingdom of El Dorado , but it was only an illusion and never existed except in the fevered imaginations of the gold-hungry men who so desperately wanted to believe it.

The original group of conquistadors included many remarkable men who went on to do other things in the Americas.

Hernando de Soto was one of Pizarro's most trusted lieutenants. He would eventually explore parts of the present-day United States, including the Mississippi River.

Pedro de Valdivia, another of Pizarro's lieutenants, would become the first royal governor of Chile. Francisco de Orellana would accompany Gonzalo Pizarro on his expedition to the east of Quito: when they became separated, Orellana discovered the Amazon River and followed it to the ocean. Actively scan device characteristics for identification. Use precise geolocation data. Select personalised content. Create a personalised content profile.

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